Shape of the Earth In reality, the shape of the earth is elliptic, slightly bulked around the equator and slightly flattened in the poles.In navigation, earth is considered to be a sphere given that the errors caused by this assumption are negligible. The Movement of the Earth The earth, being a spherical isolated body in […]

The geographical coordinates are two: the latitude and the longitude. They determine the exact position of places and navigable means on the Earth’s surface. The network of geographical coordinates on the elliptic or on the sphere is a network of meridians and parallels. Is, in fact, a system of surface coordinates and presents in two […]

Direction of an object or a point on the Earth is called the relative position of the object in comparison to another object that is considered to be the initial, without taking under consideration, as a criterion, the distance between them. The most definite and practically comprehensible direction is the one that is oriented in […]

It is the angle formed between the direction of the North and the extension of the longitudinal axis of the vessel. In accordance with the direction of the North, from which the measurement begins, the courses are divided in: 1. True Course 2. Magnetic Course 3. Compass Course Nowadays, the courses are measured exclusively in […]

Nautical Mile: For the measurement of distances navigation uses nautical mile. Nautical Mile equals to 1852 meters and is sub- divided into cables of one tenth of the nautical mile. The maximum value of a mile at the poles is 1864 meters and the minimum value at the equator is 1842,8 meters. Distance In navigation […]